Walt Disney.
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Walt Disney.
I
INTRODUCTION
Walt Disney (1901-1966), American cartoon artist and producer of animated films. Disney founded entertainment giant The Walt Disney Company and is considered the
father of the animation industry. During his long career he was nominated for 64 Academy Awards and won 26 Oscars, both records.
II
EARLY LIFE AND WORK
Walter Elias Disney was born in Chicago, Illinois. When Disney was a toddler, the family moved to a farm near Marceline, Missouri. He became interested in art at a
young age, selling his sketches and drawings to neighbors to earn spending money. During his grammar school years, the family moved to Kansas City. In addition to
his regular schoolwork, Disney attended Saturday classes at the Kansas City Art Institute.
When Disney was a teenager the family returned to Chicago, where he studied art and photography at McKinley High School and attended night classes at the Chicago
Academy of Fine Arts. Disney left high school at the age of 16, hoping to fight in World War I (1914-1918). Too young to enlist in any service, he lied about his age and
managed to join the Red Cross. After a short stint as an ambulance driver in France, Disney returned to Kansas City where he met commercial artist Ub Iwerks. Disney
and Iwerks started their own business, drawing advertisements and illustrations, then launched an animation studio. The business went bankrupt in the early 1920s,
however.
In 1923 Disney moved to Hollywood, California. He, his brother Roy O. Disney, and Iwerks began producing short animated films. In 1927 Disney created the cartoon
character Oswald the Rabbit. A year later he produced another character, a mouse called Mortimer, but shortly after changed the name to Mickey. In 1928 Mickey
Mouse starred in the first cartoon featuring synchronized sound, Steamboat Willie, with Disney providing Mickey's voice.
In 1929 Disney began making the Silly Symphony cartoon series, beginning with Skeleton Dance. The studio became a pioneer in color animation with Flowers and
Trees (1932), which earned an Academy Award for best short cartoon.
III
FEATURE FILMS
Disney decided to devote the company's resources to producing the first full-length animated feature. In 1937 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released to great
acclaim, earning a special Academy Award. The movie was followed by other successful feature-length films, including Fantasia (1940), which combined classical music
with animation; Pinocchio (1940), further establishing the Disney pattern of turning classic fairy tales into animated features; and Bambi (1942). The studio also
produced films for the United States military during World War II (1939-1945).
By the 1950s Walt Disney Productions, Ltd., had become one of the major producers of live-action and animated films for theaters and television. Disney animated
features of this period included Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp (1955), Sleeping Beauty (1959), One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), and The Sword in
the Stone (1963). The studio also made live-action movies such as Treasure Island (1950), Robin Hood (1951), Old Yeller (1957), The Shaggy Dog (1959), and The
Absent-Minded Professor (1961). The film Mary Poppins (1964) innovatively combined live action with animation. Disney television shows of this era included Davy
Crockett, The Mickey Mouse Club, and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
IV
OTHER VENTURES
As the scope of the company's enterprises grew, Disney retained as much artistic control as possible. The company expanded into other areas, such as publishing
children's books and comics. Most of these efforts starred familiar Disney characters such as Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, and Pluto the dog.
In 1955 the company opened Disneyland, a huge amusement park in Anaheim, California. Featuring historical reconstructions, displays, and rides--many based on
characters and themes from Disney films--it became a successful, well-known tourist attraction. The company expanded this concept with Disney World, which opened
in 1971 near Orlando, Florida; Tokyo Disneyland, introduced in Japan in 1983; and Euro Disneyland (now Disneyland Paris), debuting in France in 1992.
V
LEGACY
Disney died in 1966. The company he founded, however, has continued to be a leader in animation (including computer animation), live motion pictures, and many
other aspects of the entertainment industry. See also The Walt Disney Company.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Walt Disney.
I
INTRODUCTION
Walt Disney (1901-1966), American cartoon artist and producer of animated films. Disney founded entertainment giant The Walt Disney Company and is considered the
father of the animation industry. During his long career he was nominated for 64 Academy Awards and won 26 Oscars, both records.
II
EARLY LIFE AND WORK
Walter Elias Disney was born in Chicago, Illinois. When Disney was a toddler, the family moved to a farm near Marceline, Missouri. He became interested in art at a
young age, selling his sketches and drawings to neighbors to earn spending money. During his grammar school years, the family moved to Kansas City. In addition to
his regular schoolwork, Disney attended Saturday classes at the Kansas City Art Institute.
When Disney was a teenager the family returned to Chicago, where he studied art and photography at McKinley High School and attended night classes at the Chicago
Academy of Fine Arts. Disney left high school at the age of 16, hoping to fight in World War I (1914-1918). Too young to enlist in any service, he lied about his age and
managed to join the Red Cross. After a short stint as an ambulance driver in France, Disney returned to Kansas City where he met commercial artist Ub Iwerks. Disney
and Iwerks started their own business, drawing advertisements and illustrations, then launched an animation studio. The business went bankrupt in the early 1920s,
however.
In 1923 Disney moved to Hollywood, California. He, his brother Roy O. Disney, and Iwerks began producing short animated films. In 1927 Disney created the cartoon
character Oswald the Rabbit. A year later he produced another character, a mouse called Mortimer, but shortly after changed the name to Mickey. In 1928 Mickey
Mouse starred in the first cartoon featuring synchronized sound, Steamboat Willie, with Disney providing Mickey's voice.
In 1929 Disney began making the Silly Symphony cartoon series, beginning with Skeleton Dance. The studio became a pioneer in color animation with Flowers and
Trees (1932), which earned an Academy Award for best short cartoon.
III
FEATURE FILMS
Disney decided to devote the company's resources to producing the first full-length animated feature. In 1937 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was released to great
acclaim, earning a special Academy Award. The movie was followed by other successful feature-length films, including Fantasia (1940), which combined classical music
with animation; Pinocchio (1940), further establishing the Disney pattern of turning classic fairy tales into animated features; and Bambi (1942). The studio also
produced films for the United States military during World War II (1939-1945).
By the 1950s Walt Disney Productions, Ltd., had become one of the major producers of live-action and animated films for theaters and television. Disney animated
features of this period included Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp (1955), Sleeping Beauty (1959), One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), and The Sword in
the Stone (1963). The studio also made live-action movies such as Treasure Island (1950), Robin Hood (1951), Old Yeller (1957), The Shaggy Dog (1959), and The
Absent-Minded Professor (1961). The film Mary Poppins (1964) innovatively combined live action with animation. Disney television shows of this era included Davy
Crockett, The Mickey Mouse Club, and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
IV
OTHER VENTURES
As the scope of the company's enterprises grew, Disney retained as much artistic control as possible. The company expanded into other areas, such as publishing
children's books and comics. Most of these efforts starred familiar Disney characters such as Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, and Pluto the dog.
In 1955 the company opened Disneyland, a huge amusement park in Anaheim, California. Featuring historical reconstructions, displays, and rides--many based on
characters and themes from Disney films--it became a successful, well-known tourist attraction. The company expanded this concept with Disney World, which opened
in 1971 near Orlando, Florida; Tokyo Disneyland, introduced in Japan in 1983; and Euro Disneyland (now Disneyland Paris), debuting in France in 1992.
V
LEGACY
Disney died in 1966. The company he founded, however, has continued to be a leader in animation (including computer animation), live motion pictures, and many
other aspects of the entertainment industry. See also The Walt Disney Company.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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