Baal

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The most important god of the ancientCanaanites. The BIBLE records confl icts betweenthe priests of Baal and prophets of the Israelite godYHWH ("the Lord"). Texts from ancient Ugarit discoveredin the 20th century present the god in amore positive light.Baal is actually a general word meaning"lord." In religious contexts, the specifi c lord inquestion is usually the Canaanite god of rain, dew,and fertile fi elds (see CANAANITE RELIGION). Thisgod is said to ride on the clouds. He is also called"Prince Baal." In Semitic languages, the phrase isBaal zebul. From it the NEW TESTAMENT derived theterm "Beelzebul" (e.g., Matthew 10.25; Mark 3.22;Luke 11.15, 18–19). But it used the term simplyto refer to the chief demon; any reference to theCanaanite god had been lost.Baal was the king of the gods, a position that hetook from the god of the sea, Yamm. The Canaanitesworshipped him as present in many local sanctuaries.As a result, some texts speak of Baals inthe plural. The Canaanites also thought that Baalfought with the god of death, Mot. The outcome ofthis struggle determined whether successive periodsof seven years would be fertile or barren.