Ann Nixon Cooper

« CORRIGE ANN NIXON COOPER (CO + rech.

Internet ) CO/video Youtube https://youtu.be/r0pi1lpWTCk ( Obama, Ann Nixon Cooper ) November 4, 2008 Barack Obama in his victory speech talks about Mrs Ann Nixon Cooper who is a black American activist who fought for the rights of African Americans.

Actually, she has lived it all: from the abolition of slavery passing by the struggle for civil rights to the election of the first black president of the United States.

In October, she got out in her wheelchair to vote for Barack Obama.

She became famous in the eyes of the world after a speech given to the crowd gathered in Chicago by the winner of the 2008 US presidential election, Barack Obama, on November 4, 2008. 1/ "She was born a generation past slavery" : Abolition of slavery, 13th Amendment of the Constitution (1865) Obama refers to slavery because for nearly four centuries, European slave ships transported captive Africans from their homelands to the Americas.

Therefore, African Americans were not ordinary migrants but brought unwillingly to work on the plantations in the United States.

And in the mid-nineteenth century, everything opposed the states of the North, industrial, and those of the South, slavers.

In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president, which pushed South Carolina to secede.

The Civil War broke out in 1861, and lasted until 1865.

One of the challenges of this war was the abolition of slavery.

In the midst of the war, President Abraham Lincoln decides to emancipate the slaves.

The North eventually won, and the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in January 1865.

It declared that : « neither slavery nor involuntary servitude will exist in the United States or in any of the places under its jurisdiction ».

The assassination of the president in April means that it will be necessary to wait until December 18, 1865 for the text to be promulgated 2/ "She was born at a time when someone like her couldn't vote" : Voting rights Act, Black women can vote (1965) The Jim Crow Laws were national and local laws stemming from the Black Codes enacted by the legislatures of the Southern States from 1877 until 1964, laws which were put in place to hinder the effectiveness of the constitutional rights of African Americans, acquired in the aftermath of the Civil War.

The most important Jim Crow laws introduced segregation in public services (schools, hospitals, transport, justice, cemetery, etc.), places of gathering (restaurants, cafes, theater, concert hall, waiting rooms, stadiums , toilets, ...) and restricted social interactions between whites and people of color to the strict minimum, in the name of the principle « separate but equal ». The American Civil Rights Movement refers to the various struggles and protests led by African American citizens and abolitionist white Americans to ensure that the rights enshrined in the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution be applied to African Americans.

In general, the movement aims to abolish all forms of racial discrimination hindering the exercise of the right to vote, access to education, employment and housing in all the different states constituting the United States of America.

It began in the 18th century with the founding of the Pennsylvania Abolition Society and the Free African Society and gained momentum at the very beginning of the 20th century with the creation of various organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Conference Southern Christian leadership, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, etc.. »